Transgenic rice plant and its family with environmental stress resistant by proline accumulation of high level and its production

ABSTRACT

In order to obtain a transformed rice plant having an improved salinity tolerance level because of its enhanced proline accumulating ability, a P5CS (Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of rice or a P5CS gene of  Arabidopsis thanliana  and the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of a ProDH (Proline dehydrogenase) are introduced into a rice plant by using a genetic engineering technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a rice plant having a high level of proline accumulating ability, and improved salinity-tolerance, drought-tolerance, and low temperature-tolerance, and its production method.

[0002] It is known that, for several plants including halophytes, when the plants are subjected to a high salinity stress or a drought stress, they accumulate proline, which is one of amino acids, in their cytoplasms. This is considered useful for regulating the osmotic pressure in the plant cytoplasm, or inhibiting the degradation of a functional protein due to the stress. The proline in a plant is synthesized from a glutamic acid by two enzymes of a Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and a P5C reductase. On the other hand, proline is degraded into a glutamic acid by the two enzymes of a proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and a P5C dehydrogenase.

[0003] When each of the aforesaid plants is subjected to a water stress (the state in which water is difficult to absorb) such as a high salinity stress or a drought stress, the expression level of the P5CS gene is increased to activate the P5CS. However, the P5CR activity and the gene expression are constant at a low level. Further, the gene expression and the enzyme activity related to metabolism are also in the inhibited states. However, once the water stress has been removed, conversely, this time, the gene expression and enzyme activity related to biosynthesis are inhibited, so that the expression of the ProDH gene is rapidly induced, and the enzyme activity is also enhanced. As a result, the proline accumulated in the cytoplasm is rapidly metabolized to a glutamic acid.

[0004] From the foregoing description, it is considered that the P5CS becomes rate-limiting for proline synthesis under a water stress. Whereas, the ProDH becomes rate-limiting for proline metabolism after releasing the water stress (Yoshida et al., Plant Cell Physiol, 38: 1095-1102 (1997)).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] It is predicted that food shortage due to an expansion of the saline soil area caused by drought and semi-drought with the deterioration of global environment, and population growth will become increasingly more serious in the future. Researches have been pursued in diversified fields respectively on the breeding of crop plants resistant to a high salinity stress, a drought stress, and a low temperature stress (the state in which water is difficult to absorb) as those playing an important role in solving the world food problem, and the results are expected to be promising.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a rice plant which has a high proline accumulating ability, and accordingly has improved salinity-tolerance, drought-tolerance, and low temperature-tolerance by focusing attention on the importances of a Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (P5CS) and a proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) which are the rate-limiting enzymes related to synthesis and metabolism of proline in plants, and regulating the expression of genes for the enzymes with a gene recombination technology, and its production method.

[0007] The P5CS gene related to proline synthesis is introduced to be overexpressed; the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of the ProDH gene related to the metabolism is introduced to inhibit the degradation of proline; or both the P5CS gene and the antisense gene of the ProDH gene are introduced to promote the proline synthesis while inhibiting the degradation of proline. As a result, proline is accumulated with a high concentration in the cells of rice and a rice plant.

[0008] In the present invention, by accumulation of proline at a high concentration, it becomes possible to perform molecular breeding of rice and a rice plant having salinity-tolerance, drought-tolerance, or low temperature-tolerance.

[0009] Heretofore, there is known no report that an increase in concentration of proline as an osmoprotectant is allowed by synthesis promotion and degradation inhibition in rice and a rice plant. The inventors of the present invention have focused attention on the importances of the P5CS gene and the ProDH gene. Then, in order to solve novel technical problems which have not been known in the prior art, they have conducted studies from various fields including the study on the selection of the rice variety into which the gene is easily introduced, the study for improving the callus formation rate, the study on the construction of a vector for introducing the gene for rice, and the like. In consequence, they have provided novel technical elucidation, resulting in the completion of the present invention.

[0010] In the present invention, there are provided a rice plant transformed by introducing therein the proline synthesis gene and the antisense gene of the proline metabolism gene derived from rice or Arabidopsis thaliana individually or in combination, and its production method.

[0011] In the rice plant of the present invention, either or both of the gene encoding the synthetase protein of proline which is one of amino acids and the antisense gene of the proline dehydrogenage have been introduced. With this construction, it is possible to implement a rice plant having improved salinity-tolerance, drought-tolerance, and low temperature-tolerance. Further, the mature rice seeds gathered from the rice plant of the present invention, particularly the rice seeds are characterized by keeping a high proline accumulating ability over a plurality of generations.

[0012] Further, the present invention is targeted for rice and rice plants. The targets have no particular restriction as long as they are the plants belonging to the rice plants. Examples of the plants belonging to the rice plants include rice, corn, wheat, barley, rye, turf, millet, and barn grass. In particular, the present invention can be more preferably applied to rice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013]FIGS. 1A to 1D are diagrams respectively showing the vectors for rice in which proline synthesis-related enzyme P5CS genes and proline metabolism-related enzyme ProDH genes, and antisense genes thereof have been respectively incorporated;

[0014]FIG. 2 is a graph showing the amount of proline accumulated in rice lines under no stress in which the vectors shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D have been respectively introduced by genetic engineering; and

[0015]FIG. 3 is a graph showing the salinity-tolerance of each of the transgenic rice lines in which the proline-related genes have been respectively incorporated shown in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] In rice plants of examples of the present invention, either or both of the proline (osmoprotectant) synthesis gene and the antisense gene of the proline motabolism derived from rice or Arabidopsis thaliana gene have been introduced for transformation.

[0017] Examples of one type of gene to be introduced to the rice plants of the examples of the present invention include: (1) a P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of rice containing the sequence (DNA sequence and amino acid sequence) according to SEQ ID No. 1; (2) a P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence (DNA sequence and amino acid sequence) according to SEQ ID N2; and (3) the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of the ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence (DNA sequence and amino acid sequence) according to Seq ID NO. 3.

[0018] Examples of the two types of genes to be introduced into the rice plants of the examples of the present invention include:

[0019] (1) Two genes of the P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1 or the P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of the ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3; and

[0020] (2) Tandemly connected two genes of the P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1 or the P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of the ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3.

[0021] In each of the vectors to be used in the examples of the present invention, there is incorporated any one gene of the P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, the P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of the ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3. Alternatively, there are incorporated two genes of the P5CS gene of rice or Arabidopsis thaliana, and the aforesaid antisense gene in tandemly connected relation to each other.

[0022] The rice plants of the examples of the present invention can be obtained by, for example, any of the following methods.

[0023] (1) The aforesaid vector is introduced into the calli derived from a rice plant, and the calli are grown. Then, a plant body is regenerated from the calli;

[0024] (2) The aforesaid vector is introduced into the protoplast derived from a rice plant, and a plant body is regenerated from the colony obtained by growing the protoplast; and

[0025] (3) Crossing with the rice plants obtained by introducing the vector therein by genetic engineering is carried out.

[0026] Examples of the production method of the rice plants of the examples of the present invention include the following methods:

[0027] (1) The aforesaid vector is introduced into the calli derived from a rice plant by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the calli are grown. Then, a plant body is regenerated from the calli;

[0028] (2) The aforesaid vector is introduced into the protoplast derived from a rice plant by electroporation, and a plant body is regenerated from the colony obtained by growing the protoplast; and

[0029] (3) Crossing with the rice plants obtained by introducing the vector therein by genetic engineering is carried out.

[0030] These production methods provide a rice plant having a high proline accumulating ability, and having improved salinity-tolerance, drought-tolerance, and low temperature-tolerance levels.

[0031] Further, mature seeds gathered from the rice plants of the examples of the present invention, particularly the rice seeds will maintain their high proline accumulating abilities over a plurality of generations.

[0032] The rice plants of the examples of the present invention and its production method will be described in details by way of embodiments thereof by using rice as a typical example step by step below. It is needless to say that the steps described below are applicable to other rice plants than rice with or without changing the various conditions.

[0033] (Gene Cloning)

[0034] First, a mRNA is extracted from a rice seedling. A cDNA is synthesized by using the mRNA. The cDNA is combined with a vector made of a plasmid or a phage, and introduced into E. coli to prepare a recombinant DNA. The resulting transformant in which the recombinant DNA has been introduced is subjected to screening by plaque hybridization using the P5CS gene from Arabidopsis thaliana as a probe. The sequences of the P5CS genes from rice and Arabidopsis thaliana have been already reported (Yoshiba et al., Plant J. (1995) 7:751-760, and Igarashi et al., Plant Mol. Biol. (1997) 33:857-865). Based on these reports, appropriate primers are designed, and subjected to screening by PCR to select a target transformant. A target plasmid is isolated from the transformant obtained. If required, it is cut with an appropriate restriction enzyme, and subjected to subcloning in a plasmid vector for cloning. It is also possible to subject the P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thaliana to cloning in the same manner as with rice. However, as a sample from which a mRNA is to be extracted, the one subjected to a high salinity stress (immersed in a 250 mM NaCl solution or the like) or the one subjected to a drought stress treatment is more preferable than the one bred under a normal environment. This is because the P5CS gene is induced in response to a water stress such as a high salinity stress or a drought stress (Yoshiba et al., Plant J. (1995) 7: 751-760, Igarashi et al., Plant Mol. Biol. (1997) 33: 857-865, and Yoshiba et al., Plant Cell Physiol. (1997) 38: 1095-1102).

[0035] On the other hand, it is also possible to subject the ProDH gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (its sequence has already been reported in Kiyosue et al., Plant Cell (1996) 8:1323-1335) to cloning in the foregoing manner. However, as the sample from which a mRNA is to be extracted, there may be used the one which has been subjected to a drought stress (about 10-hour treatment), then immersed in water again, and allowed to absorb water, the one which has been immersed in a proline solution, and allowed to absorb proline, or the like. This is due to the following fact. Namely, the ProDH gene is inhibited from its expression under a water stress, and the gene expression is induced by a high concentration of proline (Kiyosue et al., Plant Cell (1996) 8: 1323-1335, and Yoshiba et al., Plant Cell Physiol. (1997) 38: 1095-1102).

[0036] If the samples as described above are used, it is possible to isolate the P5CS gene and the ProDH gene not only from rice or Arabidopsis thaliana but also from other rice plants.

[0037] (Construction of Gene Introduction Vector)

[0038] Respective P5CS genes and ProDH genes subjected to cloning are cut from plasmids with appropriate restriction enzymes, and, as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D, each is combined behind the 35S promoter of a cauliflower mosaic virus of a vector for rice obtained by modifying a pBI vector. In FIGS. 1A to 1D, RB denotes the right border, 35SPro denotes the promoter of a cauliflower mosaic virus, P5CS denotes the proline synthesis-related enzyme gene of rice or Arabidopsis thaliana, ProDH denotes proline metabolism-related enzyme gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, Noster denotes the terminator of a nopaline synthetase gene, HTP denotes a hygromycine resistant gene, and LB denotes the left border. Whereas, each of the arrows indicates the orientation of the sense of each gene.

[0039] In FIGS. 1A to 1D, FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an example of the vector (construct) so constructed that the sequence in the order of RB-35SPro-P5CS-Noster-35SPro-HTP-Noster-LB has been achieved. FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example in which, with respect to FIG. 1A, the same sequence in the order of RB-35SPro-P5CS-Noster-35SPro-HTP-Noster-LB as in the construct of FIG. 1A has been achieved, but the gene P5CS has been sequenced in antisense orientation. FIG. 1C is a diagram showing an example in which the gene ProDH has been sequenced in antisense orientation, and substituted for the gene P5CS of the construct of FIG. 1A, to construct a vector with a sequence in the order of RB-35SPro-ProDH (antisense)-Noster-35SPro-HTP-Noster-LB. FIG. 1D is a diagram showing an example in which, to the construct of FIG. 1A, the gene ProDH has been further sequenced in antisense orientation, and the construct shown in FIG. 1C has been further connected thereto in tandem, to construct a vector with a sequence in the order of RB-35SPro-P5CS-Noster-35SPro-ProDH (antisense)-Noster-35SPro-HTP-Noster-LB.

[0040] The 35S promoter is well known as a promoter which is strong and invariably induces the gene expression in any tissue. As for the orientation in which the gene is incorporated, the P5CS gene is connected in the sense orientation, and the ProDH gene in the antisense orientation.

[0041] Then, each vector to which each of the genes has been connected is introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 101 by electroporation. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens in which each construct (FIGS. 1A to 1D) has been introduced is cultured and grown in a YEP medium containing Bacto Pepton (10 g/l), Bacto Yeast Extract (10 g/l), sodium chloride (5 g/l), 1M magnesium chloride (2 ml/l), and hygromycine B (50 mg/l) at 28° C. Gene introduction is carried out by infecting the callus cell of rice with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens into which each construct (FIGS. 1A-1D) has been introduced. The construct D is so designed that the two genes (the P5CS gene and the ProDH gene) are connected to each other in tandem to be simultaneously introduced. However, even if the constructs A and C are mixed for coinfection, it is also possible obtain the same effects as with the construct D.

[0042] Incidentally, a HPT (hygromycine resistant) gene is connected to each construct. This is for efficiently selecting the cell and plant body transformed for the basic research on analysis of the effects of the introduced genes. Therefore, the HPT gene is not required to be incorporated therein for actual cultivation on the salt damaged land or the dry land.

[0043] (Induction of Rice Calli for Gene Introduction)

[0044] Mature rice seeds are sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol for 10 minutes, and with 3% sodium hypochlorite for 1 hour after stripping the hulls therefrom. After sterilization, the seeds are washed with sterilized water 3 times, and bedded on a pH 5.8 N6 medium (2N6 medium) containing 1 g/l casamino acid, 30 g/l sucrose, 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 g/l Gelrite, and cultured at 28° C. in the dark for 3 to 5 weeks.

[0045] (Gene Introduction into Rice Calli)

[0046] Out of the rice calli induced in the foregoing manner, the ones with a size of 1 to 3 mm are bedded on the 2N6 medium again, and cultured at 28° C. in the dark for 3 to 4 days. As a result, it is possible to enhance the division activity of the callus cell. The gene introduction is carried out by mixing the cultured calli and a solution of each construct-introduced Agrobacterium tumefaciens grown in the YEP medium (the solution diluted so that the concentration of the bacteria is 0.1 as determined at OD 660 nm) for infection. Thereafter, the calli are cultured at 25° C. in the dark for 3 days. After cultivation, the calli are washed and sterilized several times by a cefotaxime aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 mg/4 ml to remove extra bacteria attached to the surfaces of the calli, and cleaned with a sterilized kim towel or the like. Subsequently, it is bedded on a 2N6 medium (secondary selection medium) containing 250 mg/l cefotaxime and 10 mg/l hygromycine B, and cultured at 28° C. in the dark for 1 week.

[0047] (Selection of Transformed Calli and Regeneration of Plant Body)

[0048] The calli cultured in the medium containing cefotaxime is bedded on a medium (secondary selection medium) in which the content of hygromycine B has been increased to 30 mg/l, and cultured at 28° C. in the dark for 3 weeks. Thereafter, the calli are transferred to a pH 5.8 MS medium (regeneration induction medium) containing 30 g/l sucrose, 30 g/l sorbitol, 2 g/l casamino acid, 11 g/l MES buffer, 2 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l kinetin, 250 mg/l cefotaxime, 30 mg/l hygromycine B, and 4 g/l Gelrite, and cultured in the bright place at 28° C. for 3 week. The gene-introduced calli form a green spot, from which shoots and roots are regenerated. The regenerated calli are further transferred to a pH 5.8 MS medium (plant body formation medium) containing 30 g/l sucrose, 250 mg/l cefotaxime, 30 mg/l hygromycine B, and 8 g/l agar, from which plant hormones have been removed, and cultured in the bright place at 28° C. for several weeks. In consequence, the plant body is bred more largely.

[0049] (Breeding of Transformed Rice Plant Body and Seed Formation)

[0050] Upon having grown to a seedling height of about 4 to 5 cm in a petri dish, the regenerated rice is transferred to a planter in which the soil for raising-seedling is placed. Then, it is bred in an artificial climate system with an illuminance of about 20,000 lx under a temperature condition of 28° C. until the fourth leaf to the fifth leaf develop. Subsequently, the seedling is further transferred into a pot containing the soil into which a fertilizer has been appropriately added, and bred in a greenhouse until the seeds ripen. Assuming that the present generation of the plant body regenerated is of the T0 generation, and that the seeds obtainable from this plant body is of the T1 generation, the ones of the T2 to T3 generations are bred. When they are cultivated in an actual farm land, they are required to be commercialized after carrying out the various safety evaluation tests over further generations, and confirming the safety.

[0051] (Extraction of Proline from Transformed Rice and Concentration Measurement Thereof)

[0052] Proline is extracted from the leaves of the seedling (whose forth leaf has developed) of the transformed rice of the T2 generation or the T3 generation. The leaves of the rice seedling bred in the artificial climate system are cut off in an amount of about 200 mg by scissors or the like. Then, in a mortar, liquid nitrogen is added thereto, and the leaves are ground into powder. The resulting sample in powder form is mixed with pure water, and further milled by means of a homogenizer or the like. The milled sample is heated at 97° C. for 6 minutes, and then ice cooled. The sample is then centrifuged at about 17,000×G for 10 minutes at 4° C. to separate the supernatant. To the supernatant obtained, a trichloroacetic acid is added and mixed so that the final concentration is 5%. The resulting mixture is then centrifuged at about 17,000×G for 10 minutes at 4° C. again to precipitate protein. Proline as an osmoprotectant is contained in the supernatant at this step, and the concentration thereof is determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The qualitative determination of proline is carried out in the following manner. The solutions in which various amino acids have been dissolved to a given concentration are previously determined by HPLC. The amount of proline contained in the leaf of an actual transgenic rice is determined based on the retention times.

[0053]FIG. 2 shows the proline content of each of the transgenic rice lines under no stress into which various genes have been introduced. The hollow graphs in the leftmost column represent control samples into which proline-related genes have not been incorporated. Whereas, the solidly shaded graphs in the right-hand five columns denote respective transgenic rice lines into which proline-related genes have been incorporated. It is indicated that the proline content varies according to the type of the gene introduced.

[0054] There is observed almost no accumulation for each sample in which the P5CS gene (OsP5CS) of rice has been introduced in antisense orientation (FIG. 1B) in the second column from left. For each sample in which the P5CS gene (AtP5CS) of Arabidopsis thaliana has been introduced in sense orientation (FIG. 1A) in the third column from left, there is observed an increase in amount of proline accumulated over the control samples. Similarly, for each sample in which the ProDH gene (AtProDH) of Arabidopsis thaliana has been introduced in antisense orientation (FIG. 1C) and each sample in which the P5CS gene (OsP5CS) of rice has been introduced in sense orientation (FIG. 1A) in the fourth and fifth columns from left, respectively, there are observed increases in amount of proline accumulated over the control sample. In contrast to these, for each sample in which the P5CS gene (OsP5CS) of rice has been introduced in sense orientation, and the ProDH gene (AtProDH) of Arabidopsis thaliana in antisense orientation in the rightmost column, there is observed a considerably larger amount of proline accumulated (100 times or more with respect to the control sample for the case where the amount of proline accumulated is larger) as compared with each of the aforesaid samples in which one type of gene has been introduced. Then, it is indicated that each sample of OsP5CS (in the fifth column from left) is slightly more effective for proline accumulation than each sample of AtP5CS (in the third column from left) among the samples in which genes have been introduced in sense orientation.

[0055] (Salinity Tolerance Test and Improvement of Salinity Tolerance of Transgenic Rice)

[0056]FIG. 3 shows the results of a salinity tolerance test performed at a 250 mM concentration (about half the salt concentration of sea water) by using several lines of the transgenic rice for which proline accumulation has been observed shown in the right hand four columns of FIG. 2. The hollow graphs denote the control samples in which proline related genes have not been incorporated. Whereas, the solidly shaded graphs denote the transgenic rice samples. The salinity tolerance test was carried out in accordance with the testing method using known survival rates as indexes (Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. Hei 09-266726, title of the invention: evaluation of salt resistance of plant). It has been shown that the control samples in which proline-related genes have not been introduced die 5 days after a salt treatment, while the transgenic rice samples which accumulate proline show high survival rates, i.e., 95% for the third day, and 65% even after the five-day treatment. This indicates that the salinity tolerance can be improved by transforming rice, and thereby enhancing the proline accumulating ability thereof.

[0057] Therefore, if the gramineous crop produced according to the present invention is subjected to breeding by further pursuing detailed analysis such as the safety evaluation thereon, it becomes capable of being cultured in the salt accumulated soil or the desertified soil. Therefore, food productivity can be expected to be improved. Further, it can be largely expected that the crop plant is also capable of coping with the population growth in developing countries.

[0058] In accordance with the present invention, it has become possible to produce a transgenic rice plant having an enhance proline accumulating ability. Further, for the rice plant produced by the method of the present invention, the amount of proline accumulated therein has been increased, so that it has become possible to improve the salinity tolerance level thereof.

0 SEQUENCE LISTING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 3 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 2549 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Oryza sativa L. <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: 99..2249 <300> PUBLICATION INFORMATION: <301> AUTHORS: Yumiko Igarashi, Yoshu Yoshiba, Yukika Sanada, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Keishiro Wada, Kazuo Shinozaki <302> TITLE: Characterization of the gene for 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and correlation between the expression of the gene and salt tolerance in Oryza sativa L. <303> JOURNAL: Plant Molecular biology <304> VOLUME: 33 <306> PAGES: 857-865 <307> DATE: 1996-12-03 <308> DATABASE ACCESSION NUMBER: D49714 <309> DATABASE ENTRY DATE: 1995-03-16 <400> SEQUENCE: 1 gcggctgcgg cggcaaggcg gcgagacgtg ggagagggat ttacaggtag agggagaggg 60 tggaggagga gaggctgagg ctaggaagcg gtttcgcc atg gcg agc gtc gac ccg 116 Met Ala Ser Val Asp Pro 1 5 tcc cgg agc ttc gtg agg gac gtg aag cgc gtc atc atc aag gtg ggc 164 Ser Arg Ser Phe Val Arg Asp Val Lys Arg Val Ile Ile Lys Val Gly 10 15 20 act gca gtt gtc tcc aga caa gat gga aga ttg gct ttg ggc agg gtt 212 Thr Ala Val Val Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Arg Leu Ala Leu Gly Arg Val 25 30 35 gga gct ctg tgc gag cag gtt aag gaa ctg aac tct tta gga tac gaa 260 Gly Ala Leu Cys Glu Gln Val Lys Glu Leu Asn Ser Leu Gly Tyr Glu 40 45 50 gtg att ttg gtc acc tca ggt gct gtt gga gtg ggg cga cag cga ctt 308 Val Ile Leu Val Thr Ser Gly Ala Val Gly Val Gly Arg Gln Arg Leu 55 60 65 70 agg tac cgg aag ctt gtc aat agc agc ttt gct gat ctg caa aag cca 356 Arg Tyr Arg Lys Leu Val Asn Ser Ser Phe Ala Asp Leu Gln Lys Pro 75 80 85 cag atg gag tta gat gga aag gct tgt gcc gct gtt ggt cag agt gga 404 Gln Met Glu Leu Asp Gly Lys Ala Cys Ala Ala Val Gly Gln Ser Gly 90 95 100 ctg atg gct ctt tac gat atg ttg ttt aac caa ctg gat gtc tcg tca 452 Leu Met Ala Leu Tyr Asp Met Leu Phe Asn Gln Leu Asp Val Ser Ser 105 110 115 tct caa ctt ctt gtc acc gac agt gat ttt gag aac cca aag ttc cgg 500 Ser Gln Leu Leu Val Thr Asp Ser Asp Phe Glu Asn Pro Lys Phe Arg 120 125 130 gag caa ctc act gaa act gtt gag tca tta tta gat ctt aaa gtt ata 548 Glu Gln Leu Thr Glu Thr Val Glu Ser Leu Leu Asp Leu Lys Val Ile 135 140 145 150 cca ata ttt aat gaa aat gat gcc atc agc act aga aag gct cca tat 596 Pro Ile Phe Asn Glu Asn Asp Ala Ile Ser Thr Arg Lys Ala Pro Tyr 155 160 165 gag gat tca tct ggt ata ttc tgg gat aat gac agt tta gca gga ctg 644 Glu Asp Ser Ser Gly Ile Phe Trp Asp Asn Asp Ser Leu Ala Gly Leu 170 175 180 ttg gca ctg gaa ctg aaa gct gat ctc ctt att ctg ctc agt gat gtg 692 Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Lys Ala Asp Leu Leu Ile Leu Leu Ser Asp Val 185 190 195 gat ggg ttg tat agt ggt cca cca agt gaa cca tca tca aaa atc ata 740 Asp Gly Leu Tyr Ser Gly Pro Pro Ser Glu Pro Ser Ser Lys Ile Ile 200 205 210 cac act tat att aaa gaa aag cat cag caa gaa atc act ttt gga gac 788 His Thr Tyr Ile Lys Glu Lys His Gln Gln Glu Ile Thr Phe Gly Asp 215 220 225 230 aaa tct cgt gta ggt aga gga ggc atg aca gca aaa gtg aag gct gct 836 Lys Ser Arg Val Gly Arg Gly Gly Met Thr Ala Lys Val Lys Ala Ala 235 240 245 gtc ttg gct tca aat agc ggc aca cct gtg gtt att aca agt ggg ttt 884 Val Leu Ala Ser Asn Ser Gly Thr Pro Val Val Ile Thr Ser Gly Phe 250 255 260 gaa aat cgg agc att ctt aaa gtt ctt cat ggg gaa aaa att ggt act 932 Glu Asn Arg Ser Ile Leu Lys Val Leu His Gly Glu Lys Ile Gly Thr 265 270 275 ctc ttt cac aag aat gcg aat ttg tgg gaa tca tct aag gat gtt agt 980 Leu Phe His Lys Asn Ala Asn Leu Trp Glu Ser Ser Lys Asp Val Ser 280 285 290 act cgt gag atg gct gtt gcc gca aga gat tgt tca agg cat cta cag 1028 Thr Arg Glu Met Ala Val Ala Ala Arg Asp Cys Ser Arg His Leu Gln 295 300 305 310 aat ttg tca tca gag gaa cga aaa aag ata ttg cta gat gtt gca gat 1076 Asn Leu Ser Ser Glu Glu Arg Lys Lys Ile Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Asp 315 320 325 gct ttg gag gca aat gag gat tta ata agg tct gag aat gaa gct gat 1124 Ala Leu Glu Ala Asn Glu Asp Leu Ile Arg Ser Glu Asn Glu Ala Asp 330 335 340 gta gct gcg gcc caa gtt gct gga tat gag aag cct ttg gtt gct aga 1172 Val Ala Ala Ala Gln Val Ala Gly Tyr Glu Lys Pro Leu Val Ala Arg 345 350 355 ttg act ata aaa cca gga aag ata gca agc ctt gca aaa tct att cgt 1220 Leu Thr Ile Lys Pro Gly Lys Ile Ala Ser Leu Ala Lys Ser Ile Arg 360 365 370 acc ctt gca aat atg gaa gac cct ata aac cag ata ctt aaa aag aca 1268 Thr Leu Ala Asn Met Glu Asp Pro Ile Asn Gln Ile Leu Lys Lys Thr 375 380 385 390 gag gtt gct gat gat tta gtt ctt gag aaa aca tct tgc cca tta ggt 1316 Glu Val Ala Asp Asp Leu Val Leu Glu Lys Thr Ser Cys Pro Leu Gly 395 400 405 gtt ctc tta att gtt ttt gag tcc cga cct gat gcc ttg gtt cag att 1364 Val Leu Leu Ile Val Phe Glu Ser Arg Pro Asp Ala Leu Val Gln Ile 410 415 420 gca tct ttg gca att cga agt ggt aat ggt ctt ctc cta aaa ggt gga 1412 Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Arg Ser Gly Asn Gly Leu Leu Leu Lys Gly Gly 425 430 435 aaa gaa gct atc aga tca aac acg ata ttg cat aag gtt ata act gat 1460 Lys Glu Ala Ile Arg Ser Asn Thr Ile Leu His Lys Val Ile Thr Asp 440 445 450 gct att cct cgt aat gtt ggt gaa aaa ctt att ggc ctt gtt aca act 1508 Ala Ile Pro Arg Asn Val Gly Glu Lys Leu Ile Gly Leu Val Thr Thr 455 460 465 470 aga gat gag atc gca gat ttg cta aag ctt gat gat gtc att gat ctt 1556 Arg Asp Glu Ile Ala Asp Leu Leu Lys Leu Asp Asp Val Ile Asp Leu 475 480 485 gtc act cca aga gga agt aat aag ctt gtc tct caa atc aag gcg tca 1604 Val Thr Pro Arg Gly Ser Asn Lys Leu Val Ser Gln Ile Lys Ala Ser 490 495 500 act aag att cct gtt ctt ggg cat gct gat ggt ata tgc cac gta tat 1652 Thr Lys Ile Pro Val Leu Gly His Ala Asp Gly Ile Cys His Val Tyr 505 510 515 att gac aaa tca gct gac atg gat atg gca aaa ctt att gta atg gat 1700 Ile Asp Lys Ser Ala Asp Met Asp Met Ala Lys Leu Ile Val Met Asp 520 525 530 gca aaa act gat tac cca gca gcc tgc aat gca atg gag acc tta cta 1748 Ala Lys Thr Asp Tyr Pro Ala Ala Cys Asn Ala Met Glu Thr Leu Leu 535 540 545 550 gtt cat aag gat ctt atg aag agt cca ggc ctt gac gac ata tta gta 1796 Val His Lys Asp Leu Met Lys Ser Pro Gly Leu Asp Asp Ile Leu Val 555 560 565 gca cta aaa aca gaa gga gtt aat att tat ggt gga cct att gcg cac 1844 Ala Leu Lys Thr Glu Gly Val Asn Ile Tyr Gly Gly Pro Ile Ala His 570 575 580 aaa gct ctg gga ttt cca aaa gct gtt tca ttt cat cat gag tat agt 1892 Lys Ala Leu Gly Phe Pro Lys Ala Val Ser Phe His His Glu Tyr Ser 585 590 595 tct atg gcc tgc act gtt gag ttt gtt gat gat gtt caa tca gca att 1940 Ser Met Ala Cys Thr Val Glu Phe Val Asp Asp Val Gln Ser Ala Ile 600 605 610 gac cat att cat cgt tat gga agt gct cat aca gat tgt atc gtc act 1988 Asp His Ile His Arg Tyr Gly Ser Ala His Thr Asp Cys Ile Val Thr 615 620 625 630 aca gat gat aag gta gca gag act ttt cta cgc aga gtt gat agt gct 2036 Thr Asp Asp Lys Val Ala Glu Thr Phe Leu Arg Arg Val Asp Ser Ala 635 640 645 gct gta ttt cat aat gca agt acg aga ttc tct gat ggg gct cgt ttt 2084 Ala Val Phe His Asn Ala Ser Thr Arg Phe Ser Asp Gly Ala Arg Phe 650 655 660 gga ttg ggt gct gag gtt ggc ata agc aca ggg cgt atc cat gcc cgt 2132 Gly Leu Gly Ala Glu Val Gly Ile Ser Thr Gly Arg Ile His Ala Arg 665 670 675 gga cca gtg ggt gtt gaa ggt ctc tta act aca cga tgg atc ttg cga 2180 Gly Pro Val Gly Val Glu Gly Leu Leu Thr Thr Arg Trp Ile Leu Arg 680 685 690 gga cgt ggg caa gtg gtg aat ggt gac aag gat gtc gtg tac acc cat 2228 Gly Arg Gly Gln Val Val Asn Gly Asp Lys Asp Val Val Tyr Thr His 695 700 705 710 aag agt ctt cct ttg caa tgaggtcaaa tgctcctttt agcctgttca 2276 Lys Ser Leu Pro Leu Gln 715 ggagtaggtg aatatccttt taagaatgga ttgactactt tattttgtca tcttgtacaa 2336 gcatcttatt gcggcattcc gatggattat tgattttggg ggttcccact ttcaaatgtg 2396 acaccaaaaa taaattcatc agttctgaga gcaagatttt ggaggttcag cttctccatg 2456 taataagtaa attcagttct gagaacttgt gtaccaacgc gctatgttgc ttgtaatgag 2516 cgatactaac atctgtgatt gcacatatac taa 2549 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 2571 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Arabidopsis thaliana <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: 107...2260 <301> AUTHORS: Yoshu Yoshiba, Tomohiro Kiyasue, Takeshi Katagiri, Hiroko Ueda, Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Keishiro Wada, Yoshinori Harada, Kazuo Shinozaki <302> TITLE: Correlation between the induction of a gene for 1- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the accumulation of proline in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress. <303> JOURNAL: The Plant Journal <304> VOLUME: 7 <305> ISSUE: 5 <306> PAGES: 751-760 <307> DATE: 1995-01-20 <308> DATABASE ACCESSION NUMBER: D32138 <309> DATABASE ENTRY DATE: 1994-07-12 <400> SEQUENCE: 2 ctgatattta ttttcttacc ttaaatacga cggtgcttca ctgagtccga ctcagttaac 60 tcgttcctct ctctgtgtgt ggttttggta gacgacgacg acgata atg gag gag 115 Met Glu Glu 1 cta gat cgt tca cgt gct ttt gcc aga gac gtc aaa cgt atc gtc gtt 163 Leu Asp Arg Ser Arg Ala Phe Ala Arg Asp Val Lys Arg Ile Val Val 5 10 15 aag gtt ggg aca gca gtt gtt act gga aaa ggt gga aga ttg gct ctt 211 Lys Val Gly Thr Ala Val Val Thr Gly Lys Gly Gly Arg Leu Ala Leu 20 25 30 35 ggt cgt tta gga gca ctg tgt gaa cag ctt gcg gaa tta aac tcg gat 259 Gly Arg Leu Gly Ala Leu Cys Glu Gln Leu Ala Glu Leu Asn Ser Asp 40 45 50 gga ttt gag gtg ata ttg gtg tca tct ggt gcg gtt ggt ctt ggc agg 307 Gly Phe Glu Val Ile Leu Val Ser Ser Gly Ala Val Gly Leu Gly Arg 55 60 65 caa agg ctt cgt tat cga caa tta gtc aat agc agc ttt gcg gat ctt 355 Gln Arg Leu Arg Tyr Arg Gln Leu Val Asn Ser Ser Phe Ala Asp Leu 70 75 80 cag aag cct cag act gaa ctt gat ggg aag gct tgt gct ggt gtt gga 403 Gln Lys Pro Gln Thr Glu Leu Asp Gly Lys Ala Cys Ala Gly Val Gly 85 90 95 caa agc agt ctt atg gct tac tat gag act atg ttt gac cag ctt gat 451 Gln Ser Ser Leu Met Ala Tyr Tyr Glu Thr Met Phe Asp Gln Leu Asp 100 105 110 115 gtg acg gca gct caa ctt ctg gtg aat gac agt agt ttt aga gac aag 499 Val Thr Ala Ala Gln Leu Leu Val Asn Asp Ser Ser Phe Arg Asp Lys 120 125 130 gat ttc agg aag caa ctt aat gaa act gtc aag tct atg ctt gat ttg 547 Asp Phe Arg Lys Gln Leu Asn Glu Thr Val Lys Ser Met Leu Asp Leu 135 140 145 agg gtt att cca att ttc aat gag aat gat gct att agc acc cga aga 595 Arg Val Ile Pro Ile Phe Asn Glu Asn Asp Ala Ile Ser Thr Arg Arg 150 155 160 gcc cca tat cag gat tct tct ggt att ttc tgg gat aac gat agc tta 643 Ala Pro Tyr Gln Asp Ser Ser Gly Ile Phe Trp Asp Asn Asp Ser Leu 165 170 175 gct gct cta ctg gcg ttg gaa ctg aaa gct gat ctt ctg att ctt ctg 691 Ala Ala Leu Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Lys Ala Asp Leu Leu Ile Leu Leu 180 185 190 195 agc gat gtt gaa ggt ctt tac aca ggc cct cca agt gat cct aac tca 739 Ser Asp Val Glu Gly Leu Tyr Thr Gly Pro Pro Ser Asp Pro Asn Ser 200 205 210 aag ttg atc cac act ttt gtt aaa gaa aaa cat caa gat gag att aca 787 Lys Leu Ile His Thr Phe Val Lys Glu Lys His Gln Asp Glu Ile Thr 215 220 225 ttc ggc gac aaa tca aga tta ggg aga ggg ggt atg act gca aaa gtc 835 Phe Gly Asp Lys Ser Arg Leu Gly Arg Gly Gly Met Thr Ala Lys Val 230 235 240 aaa gct gca gtc aat gca gct tat gct ggg att cct gtc atc ata acc 883 Lys Ala Ala Val Asn Ala Ala Tyr Ala Gly Ile Pro Val Ile Ile Thr 245 250 255 agt ggg tat tca gct gag aac ata gat aaa gtc ctc aga gga cta cgt 931 Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ala Glu Asn Ile Asp Lys Val Leu Arg Gly Leu Arg 260 265 270 275 gtt gga acc ttg ttt cat caa gat gct cgt tta tgg gct ccg atc aca 979 Val Gly Thr Leu Phe His Gln Asp Ala Arg Leu Trp Ala Pro Ile Thr 280 285 290 gat tct aat gct cgt gac atg gca gtt gct gcg agg gaa agt tcc aga 1027 Asp Ser Asn Ala Arg Asp Met Ala Val Ala Ala Arg Glu Ser Ser Arg 295 300 305 aag ctt cag gcc tta tct tcg gaa gac agg aaa aaa att ctg ctt gat 1075 Lys Leu Gln Ala Leu Ser Ser Glu Asp Arg Lys Lys Ile Leu Leu Asp 310 315 320 att gcc gat gcc ctt gaa gca aat gtt act aca atc aaa gct gag aat 1123 Ile Ala Asp Ala Leu Glu Ala Asn Val Thr Thr Ile Lys Ala Glu Asn 325 330 335 gag tta gat gta gct tct gca caa gag gct ggg ttg gaa gag tca atg 1171 Glu Leu Asp Val Ala Ser Ala Gln Glu Ala Gly Leu Glu Glu Ser Met 340 345 350 355 gtg gct cgc tta gtt atg aca cct gga aag atc tcg agc ctt gca gct 1219 Val Ala Arg Leu Val Met Thr Pro Gly Lys Ile Ser Ser Leu Ala Ala 360 365 370 tca gtt cgt aag cta gct gat atg gaa gat cca atc ggc cgt gtt tta 1267 Ser Val Arg Lys Leu Ala Asp Met Glu Asp Pro Ile Gly Arg Val Leu 375 380 385 aag aaa aca gag gtg gca gat ggt ctt gtc tta gag aag acc tca tca 1315 Lys Lys Thr Glu Val Ala Asp Gly Leu Val Leu Glu Lys Thr Ser Ser 390 395 400 cca tta ggc gta ctt ctg att gtt ttt gaa tcc cga cct gat gca ctt 1363 Pro Leu Gly Val Leu Leu Ile Val Phe Glu Ser Arg Pro Asp Ala Leu 405 410 415 gta cag ata gct tca ctt gcc atc cgt agt gga aat ggt ctt ctg ctg 1411 Val Gln Ile Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Arg Ser Gly Asn Gly Leu Leu Leu 420 425 430 435 aag ggt gga aag gag gcc cgg cga tca aat gct atc tta cac aag gtg 1459 Lys Gly Gly Lys Glu Ala Arg Arg Ser Asn Ala Ile Leu His Lys Val 440 445 450 atc act gat gca att cca gag act gtt ggg ggt aaa ctc att gga ctt 1507 Ile Thr Asp Ala Ile Pro Glu Thr Val Gly Gly Lys Leu Ile Gly Leu 455 460 465 gtg act tca aga gaa gag att cct gat ttg ctt aag ctt gat gac gtt 1555 Val Thr Ser Arg Glu Glu Ile Pro Asp Leu Leu Lys Leu Asp Asp Val 470 475 480 atc gat ctt gtg atc cca aga gga agc aac aag ctt gtt act cag ata 1603 Ile Asp Leu Val Ile Pro Arg Gly Ser Asn Lys Leu Val Thr Gln Ile 485 490 495 aaa aat act aca aaa atc cct gtg cta ggt cat gct gat gga atc tgt 1651 Lys Asn Thr Thr Lys Ile Pro Val Leu Gly His Ala Asp Gly Ile Cys 500 505 510 515 cat gta tat gtc gac aag gct tgt gat acg gat atg gca aag cgc ata 1699 His Val Tyr Val Asp Lys Ala Cys Asp Thr Asp Met Ala Lys Arg Ile 520 525 530 gtt tct gat gca aag ttg gac tat cca gca gcc tgt aat gcg atg gaa 1747 Val Ser Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Tyr Pro Ala Ala Cys Asn Ala Met Glu 535 540 545 acc ctt ctt gtg cat aag gat cta gag cag aat gct gtg ctt aat gag 1795 Thr Leu Leu Val His Lys Asp Leu Glu Gln Asn Ala Val Leu Asn Glu 550 555 560 ctt att ttt gct ctg cag agc aat gga gtc act ttg tat ggt gga cca 1843 Leu Ile Phe Ala Leu Gln Ser Asn Gly Val Thr Leu Tyr Gly Gly Pro 565 570 575 agg gca agt aag ata ctg aac ata cca gaa gca cgg tca ttc aac cat 1891 Arg Ala Ser Lys Ile Leu Asn Ile Pro Glu Ala Arg Ser Phe Asn His 580 585 590 595 gag tac tgt gcc aag gct tgc act gtt gaa gtt gta gaa gac gtt tat 1939 Glu Tyr Cys Ala Lys Ala Cys Thr Val Glu Val Val Glu Asp Val Tyr 600 605 610 ggt gct ata gat cac att cac cga cat ggg agt gca cac aca gac tgc 1987 Gly Ala Ile Asp His Ile His Arg His Gly Ser Ala His Thr Asp Cys 615 620 625 att gtg aca gag gat cac gaa gtt gca gag cta ttc ctt cgc caa gtg 2035 Ile Val Thr Glu Asp His Glu Val Ala Glu Leu Phe Leu Arg Gln Val 630 635 640 gat agc gct gct gtg ttc cac aac gcc agc aca aga ttc tca gat ggt 2083 Asp Ser Ala Ala Val Phe His Asn Ala Ser Thr Arg Phe Ser Asp Gly 645 650 655 ttc cga ttt gga ctt ggt gca gag gtg ggg gta agc acg ggc agg atc 2131 Phe Arg Phe Gly Leu Gly Ala Glu Val Gly Val Ser Thr Gly Arg Ile 660 665 670 675 cat gct cgt ggt cca gtc ggg gtc gaa gga tta ctt aca acg aga tgg 2179 His Ala Arg Gly Pro Val Gly Val Glu Gly Leu Leu Thr Thr Arg Trp 680 685 690 ata atg aga gga aaa gga caa gtt gtc gac gga gac aat gga att gtt 2227 Ile Met Arg Gly Lys Gly Gln Val Val Asp Gly Asp Asn Gly Ile Val 695 700 705 tac acc cat cag gac att ccc atc caa gct taaacaagac ttccgagtgt 2277 Tyr Thr His Gln Asp Ile Pro Ile Gln Ala 710 715 gtgtttgtgt atttggttga gacttgagga gagacacaga ggaggatggg cttttttgtt 2337 tcctctctgc ttagtactca tatcctatca ttattattat tactactact tattattgaa 2397 accctcgctt atgtagtggt tttgatttag ggttaggatt gcaccaaaaa taagatccac 2457 tttaccactt agtcttgctc ataagtacga tgaagaacat ttaattagct tctcttcttg 2517 tcattgtaag ctacctacac atttctgatc tttatcaaga tactactact tttc 2571 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 1833 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Arabidopsis thaliana <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: 113...1612 <301> AUTHORS: Tomohiro Kiyasue, Yoshu Yoshiba, Kazuko Yamaguchi- Shinozaki, Kazuo Shinozaki <302> TITLE: Title : A nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial prolne dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in proline metabolism, is upregulated by proline but downregulated by dehydration in Arabidopsis. <303> JOURNAL: The Plant Cell <304> VOLUME: 8 <306> PAGES: 1323-1335 <307> DATE: 1996-05-27 <308> DATABASE ACCESSION NUMBER: D83025 <309> DATABASE ENTRY DATE: 1995-12-25 <400> SEQUENCE: 3 agcgtttaga aaaaaacagc gataaaaccg aaacatcaag caaacaaaaa aaaaagagaa 60 gagaaattat ttttttttgt tttcgttttc aaaaacaaaa tctttgaatt tt atg gca 118 Met Ala 1 acc cgt ctt ctc cga aca aac ttt atc cgg cga tct tac cgt tta ccc 166 Thr Arg Leu Leu Arg Thr Asn Phe Ile Arg Arg Ser Tyr Arg Leu Pro 5 10 15 gct ttt agc ccg gtg ggt cct ccc acc gtg act gct tcc acc gcc gtc 214 Ala Phe Ser Pro Val Gly Pro Pro Thr Val Thr Ala Ser Thr Ala Val 20 25 30 gtc ccg gag att ctc tcc ttt gga caa caa gca ccg gaa cca cct ctt 262 Val Pro Glu Ile Leu Ser Phe Gly Gln Gln Ala Pro Glu Pro Pro Leu 35 40 45 50 cac cac cca aaa ccc acc gag caa tct cac gat ggt ctc gat ctc tcc 310 His His Pro Lys Pro Thr Glu Gln Ser His Asp Gly Leu Asp Leu Ser 55 60 65 gat caa gcc cgt ctt ttc tcc tct atc cca acc tct gat ctc ctc cgt 358 Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Phe Ser Ser Ile Pro Thr Ser Asp Leu Leu Arg 70 75 80 tcc acc gcc gtg ttg cat gcg gcg gcg ata ggt cct atg gtc gac cta 406 Ser Thr Ala Val Leu His Ala Ala Ala Ile Gly Pro Met Val Asp Leu 85 90 95 ggg acg tgg gtc atg agc tct aaa ctt atg gac gct tcg gtg acg cgt 454 Gly Thr Trp Val Met Ser Ser Lys Leu Met Asp Ala Ser Val Thr Arg 100 105 110 ggc atg gtt tta ggg ctt gtg aaa agt acg ttt tat gac cat ttt tgc 502 Gly Met Val Leu Gly Leu Val Lys Ser Thr Phe Tyr Asp His Phe Cys 115 120 125 130 gcc ggt gaa gat gcc gac gca gcc gct gag cgc gtg aga agc gtt tat 550 Ala Gly Glu Asp Ala Asp Ala Ala Ala Glu Arg Val Arg Ser Val Tyr 135 140 145 gaa gct act ggt ctt aaa ggg atg ctt gtc tat ggc gtc gaa cac gcc 598 Glu Ala Thr Gly Leu Lys Gly Met Leu Val Tyr Gly Val Glu His Ala 150 155 160 gat gac gct gta tct tgt gat gat aac atg caa caa ttc att cga acc 646 Asp Asp Ala Val Ser Cys Asp Asp Asn Met Gln Gln Phe Ile Arg Thr 165 170 175 att gaa gct gcc aaa tct tta cca aca tct cac ttt agc tca gtg gtt 694 Ile Glu Ala Ala Lys Ser Leu Pro Thr Ser His Phe Ser Ser Val Val 180 185 190 gtg aag ata act gcc att tgt cca att agt ctt ctg aaa cga gtg agc 742 Val Lys Ile Thr Ala Ile Cys Pro Ile Ser Leu Leu Lys Arg Val Ser 195 200 205 210 gat ctg ctg cgg tgg gaa tac aaa agt ccg aac ttc aaa ctc tca tgg 790 Asp Leu Leu Arg Trp Glu Tyr Lys Ser Pro Asn Phe Lys Leu Ser Trp 215 220 225 aag ctc aaa tcg ttt ccg gtt ttc tcc gaa tcg agt cct ctc tac cac 838 Lys Leu Lys Ser Phe Pro Val Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Pro Leu Tyr His 230 235 240 aca aac tca gaa ccg gaa ccg tta acc gcg gaa gaa gaa agg gag ctc 886 Thr Asn Ser Glu Pro Glu Pro Leu Thr Ala Glu Glu Glu Arg Glu Leu 245 250 255 gaa gca gct cat gga agg att caa gaa atc tgt agg aaa tgc caa gag 934 Glu Ala Ala His Gly Arg Ile Gln Glu Ile Cys Arg Lys Cys Gln Glu 260 265 270 tcc aat gta cca ttg ttg att gat gcg gaa gac aca atc ctc caa ccc 982 Ser Asn Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Asp Ala Glu Asp Thr Ile Leu Gln Pro 275 280 285 290 gcg atc gat tac atg gct tat tca tcg gcg atc atg ttc aat gct gac 1030 Ala Ile Asp Tyr Met Ala Tyr Ser Ser Ala Ile Met Phe Asn Ala Asp 295 300 305 aaa gac cga cca atc gtt tac aac acg att cag gcg tac ttg aga gac 1078 Lys Asp Arg Pro Ile Val Tyr Asn Thr Ile Gln Ala Tyr Leu Arg Asp 310 315 320 gcc ggt gag aga ctg cat ttg gca gta caa aat gct gag aaa gag aat 1126 Ala Gly Glu Arg Leu His Leu Ala Val Gln Asn Ala Glu Lys Glu Asn 325 330 335 gtt cct atg ggg ttc aag ttg gtg aga ggg gct tac atg tct agc gaa 1174 Val Pro Met Gly Phe Lys Leu Val Arg Gly Ala Tyr Met Ser Ser Glu 340 345 350 cgt agc ttg gcg gat tcc ctg ggt tgc aag tcg cca gtc cac gac aca 1222 Arg Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Leu Gly Cys Lys Ser Pro Val His Asp Thr 355 360 365 370 att cag gat act cac tct tgt tac aat gat tgt atg aca ttc ctg atg 1270 Ile Gln Asp Thr His Ser Cys Tyr Asn Asp Cys Met Thr Phe Leu Met 375 380 385 gag aaa gca tca aac ggt tct ggt ttc ggt gtc gtt ctc gca aca cat 1318 Glu Lys Ala Ser Asn Gly Ser Gly Phe Gly Val Val Leu Ala Thr His 390 395 400 aac gct gat tcg ggg aga ctt gcg tcg agg aaa gcg agt gac ctc ggg 1366 Asn Ala Asp Ser Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser Arg Lys Ala Ser Asp Leu Gly 405 410 415 atc gat aaa cag aac ggg aag ata gag ttt gca cag cta tat ggt atg 1414 Ile Asp Lys Gln Asn Gly Lys Ile Glu Phe Ala Gln Leu Tyr Gly Met 420 425 430 tca gat gca ttg tcc ttc ggg tta aag aga gca ggg ttc aat gtt agc 1462 Ser Asp Ala Leu Ser Phe Gly Leu Lys Arg Ala Gly Phe Asn Val Ser 435 440 445 450 aag tac atg ccg ttt gga ccc gtc gca acc gct ata ccg tat ctt ctc 1510 Lys Tyr Met Pro Phe Gly Pro Val Ala Thr Ala Ile Pro Tyr Leu Leu 455 460 465 cga cgc gct tat gag aac cgg gga atg atg gcc acc gga gct cat gac 1558 Arg Arg Ala Tyr Glu Asn Arg Gly Met Met Ala Thr Gly Ala His Asp 470 475 480 cgt caa ctc atg agg atg gaa ctt aag agg aga tta atc gcc ggg att 1606 Arg Gln Leu Met Arg Met Glu Leu Lys Arg Arg Leu Ile Ala Gly Ile 485 490 495 gcg taaagagaga gtatggagcc attaaatgaa attgggaaat gtagatgaat 1659 Ala aaatttcttc tatgtagttt aagaaattga aaacaaaaaa ttataatata agaaatggag 1719 taggtaagaa catttcctgt ggctaaatat ttttcatgag ggactatgtt tttactatca 1779 atatatcatt cacaaatgta tattcacctt atcaataaaa atgcttttta cttt 1833 

What is claimed is:
 1. A rice plant in which a P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1 has been introduced.
 2. A rice plant in which a P5CS (Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase) gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2 has been introduced.
 3. A rice plant in which the antisense (reverse DNA sequence-containing) gene of a ProDH (Proline dehydrogenase) gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3 has been introduced.
 4. A rice plant in which a P5CS gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, or a P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense gene of a ProDH gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3 have been introduced.
 5. A rice plant in which a P5CS gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, or a P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense gene of a ProDH gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3 have been introduced in tandemly connected relation to each other.
 6. A vector in which any of a P5CS gene of rice containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 1, a P5CS gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 2, and the antisense gene of a ProDH gene of Arabidopsis thanliana containing the sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 3 has been introduced, or said P5CS gene of rice or Arabidopsis thanliana and said antisense gene of said ProDH gene of Arabidopsis thanliana have been introduced in tandemly connected relation to each other.
 7. A rice plant obtained by introducing said vector according to claim 6 into calli derived from a rice plant to grow said calli, and then regenerating a plant body from said calli.
 8. A rice plant obtained by introducing said vector according to claim 6 into a protoplast derived from a rice plant, growing said protoplast to obtain a colony, and then regenerating a plant body from said colony.
 9. A rice plant obtained by crossing with a rice plant obtained by introducing said vector according to claim 6 therein by genetic engineering, wherein said vector according to claim 6 has been introduced.
 10. The rice plant according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said rice plant is rice.
 11. A seed of a rice plant collected from said rice plant according to any of claims 1 to
 9. 12. A seed of the rice plant according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said rice plant is rice, said seed having been collected from said rice.
 13. A production method of a rice plant, comprising: introducing said vector according to claim 6 into calli derived from a rice plant by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to grow said calli; and then regenerating a plant body from said calli.
 14. A production method of a rice plant, comprising: introducing said vector according to claim 6 into a protoplast derived from a rice plant by electroporation, and growing said protoplast to obtain a colony, and regenerating a plant body from said colony.
 15. A production method of a rice plant, comprising: crossing with a rice plant obtained by introducing said vector according to claim 6 by genetic engineering, and introducing said vector according to claim 6 therein. 